CM (reference standard)
1
- Syed S
- Ashwick R
- Schlosser M
- Gonzalez-Izquierdo A
- Li L
- Gilbert R
Predictive value of indicators for identifying child maltreatment and intimate partner violence in coded electronic health records: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
,
4
- Gilbert R
- Widom CS
- Browne K
- Fergusson D
- Webb E
- Janson S
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries.
,
43
HM Government
Working together to safeguard children: a guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.
|
CM1
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
Child protection or safeguarding
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
50 |
CM2
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
CM not otherwise specified, including physical or sexual abuse (merged)
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
154 |
CM3
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
Neglect (including neonatal abstinence syndrome or fetal alcohol spectrum disorders), and emotional or psychological abuse
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
76 |
CM4
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
Social service involved (including parental imprisonment or criminal activity)
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
80 |
CM5
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
Child in care
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
107 |
Suspected CM
†
Suspected CM and suspected maternal IPV were subdomains containing less specific maltreatment-related indicators used in the development process to expand the final CM and maternal IPV domains, respectively.
|
|
CM6 |
Suspected CM, not otherwise specified (including neglect and social service involvements) |
244 |
|
CM7 |
Child assaulted, not otherwise specified (including physical or sexual abuse [≤10], rib fractures [≤3]
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
) |
545 |
Maternal IPV (reference standard)
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
Maternal IPV1
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
Maternal IPV, not otherwise specified (including physical or sexual abuse)
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
67 |
Maternal IPV2
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
|
Mother assaulted plus child protection recording or incident during pregnancy
*
Indicators were combined into the primary outcome (reference standard) and excluded from the development and validation phase.
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
554 |
Suspected maternal IPV
†
Suspected CM and suspected maternal IPV were subdomains containing less specific maltreatment-related indicators used in the development process to expand the final CM and maternal IPV domains, respectively.
|
|
Maternal IPV3 |
Suspected maternal IPV, not otherwise specified |
33 |
|
Maternal IPV4 |
Suspected maternal IPV, physical or sexual abuse |
45 |
|
Maternal IPV5 |
Mother assaulted, not otherwise specified (hospital admission only) |
119 |
|
Maternal IPV6 |
Mother assaulted plus high-risk presentations (algorithm)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
236 |
| HRP-CM |
| Child injuries |
|
HRP-CM1 |
Bruising and contusions (≤3)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
114 |
|
HRP-CM2 |
Superficial injuries of head, neck, or multiple body parts (≤3)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
37 |
|
HRP-CM3 |
Thermal injuries: head, face, or neck (≤3)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
161 |
|
HRP-CM4 |
Thermal injuries: trunk, back, or trachea (≤3)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
53 |
|
HRP-CM5 |
Skull fractures or intracranial crush injury (≤3)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
16 |
| Harm by undetermined intent |
|
HRP-CM6 |
Child harm by undetermined intent: rare injuries and life-threatening events (eg, retinal haemorrhages, drownings, sudden unexpected death in infancy, or firearm injuries [≤10])
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
239 |
|
HRP-CM7 |
Child harm by undetermined intent: exposure to unspecified factor (≤10)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
4 |
| Potential failure to provide |
|
HRP-CM8 |
Failure to thrive (eg, excessive thirst or suspected malnutrition [≤10])
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
48 |
|
HRP-CM9 |
Non-attendance of child appointments (≥3 appointments within 2 years [≤10])
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
16 |
| MSM |
| MSM1 |
Severe drug misuse (dependence) |
564 |
| MSM2 |
Moderate drug misuse (all other) |
213 |
| MSM3 |
Maternal drug prescription for opioid dependence (multipurpose usage) |
21 |
| MSM4 |
Family substance misuse (ie, unspecified family member) |
19 |
| MSM5 |
Severe alcohol misuse (including self-report measures of ≥35 alcohol units per week
44
Department of Health
Alcohol guidelines review: report from the guidelines development group to the UK chief medical officers.
)
‡
Indicators are defined by multiple rule-based algorithms, including age restrictions in years (upper age cutoff denoted in brackets), exclusions of accidental injuries, genetic predispositions (eg, bone diseases), traumatic birth injuries, transmissions of diseases from mother to child during birth, or need to meet higher cutoff score on a validated self-report instrument. Medications, interventions, and psychiatric symptoms were combined into appropriate disorder clusters using validated algorithms.46
|
273 |
| AFEs |
| Antenatal care and health visit concerns |
|
AFE1 |
High-risk antenatal presentation: specific to social risk |
2 |
|
AFE2 |
High-risk antenatal presentation: psychosocial risk, not otherwise specified |
38 |
|
AFE3 |
Unwanted or concealed pregnancy (including attempted abortion of current child) |
46 |
|
AFE4 |
Psychosocial health problem with lower-level intervention |
20 |
|
AFE5 |
Increasing concern of health visitor |
11 |
| Parental conflicts, disruptions, and causes for concerns |
|
AFE6 |
Family disruptions and parental conflicts, not otherwise specified |
108 |
|
AFE7 |
Parental separations |
27 |
|
AFE8 |
Mother with legal problems |
32 |
|
AFE9 |
Family is cause for concern
45
- Woodman J
- Allister J
- Rafi I
- et al.
A simple approach to improve recording of concerns about child maltreatment in primary care records: developing a quality improvement intervention.
|
182 |
|
AFE10 |
Problems related to negative childhood events |
26 |
|
AFE11 |
Mother assaulted, not otherwise specified (GP record only) |
1 |
| Vulnerable families |
|
AFE12 |
Housing problems, effects of deprivation, and refugees (excluding homelessness) |
57 |
|
AFE13 |
Homelessness (child or mother) |
22 |
|
AFE14 |
Vulnerable family, not otherwise specified (including care programme approach) |
31 |
|
AFE15 |
Family or parental support referral |
12 |
|
AFE16 |
Problems related to psychosocial circumstances |
24 |
|
AFE17 |
Maternal learning or intellectual disability |
276 |
|
AFE18 |
Increased concerns of maternal incapacity |
10 |
|
AFE19 |
Maternal problems with daily living or limited capacity to work (including financial concerns) |
41 |
| Maternal MHPs |
| Common MHPs |
|
Maternal MHP1 |
Depression (including use of antidepressants)
†
Suspected CM and suspected maternal IPV were subdomains containing less specific maltreatment-related indicators used in the development process to expand the final CM and maternal IPV domains, respectively.
|
818 |
|
Maternal MHP2 |
Self-harm or suicide attempts |
744 |
|
Maternal MHP3 |
Anxiety disorder, not otherwise specified (including use of anxiolytics)
†
Suspected CM and suspected maternal IPV were subdomains containing less specific maltreatment-related indicators used in the development process to expand the final CM and maternal IPV domains, respectively.
|
549 |
|
Maternal MHP4 |
Panic disorder (including agoraphobia or health anxiety) |
24 |
|
Maternal MHP5 |
Obsessive-compulsive disorders |
27 |
|
Maternal MHP6 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder (including acute stress disorder) |
72 |
|
Maternal MHP7 |
Sleep-wake disorders |
33 |
|
Maternal MHP8 |
MHPs not otherwise specified |
17 |
|
Maternal MHP9 |
Referred to or seen by a mental health professional (tier 3 service or above) |
180 |
|
Maternal MHP10 |
Puerperal MHPs, not otherwise specified |
5 |
| Eating disorders |
|
Maternal MHP11 |
Anorexia nervosa |
13 |
|
Maternal MHP12 |
Eating disorders, not otherwise specified (including bulimia) |
49 |
| Psychosis and personality disorders |
|
Maternal MHP13 |
Psychosis (including mental health sections not otherwise specified) |
339 |
|
Maternal MHP14 |
Use of antipsychotics |
324 |
|
Maternal MHP15 |
Bipolar disorders |
66 |
|
Maternal MHP16 |
Personality disorders (eg, borderline personality disorder) |
177 |
Neurodevelopmental disorders
§
Neurodevelopmental disorders are included as a diagnostic cluster in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn) and International Classification of Diseases (10th or 11th edn).
|
|
Maternal MHP17 |
Neurodevelopmental conditions and conduct disorders |
245 |
